Working among untouchables in Marathwada village : Fr Gurien Jacquier

KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m

(‘amR>dmS>çmVrb {¼ñVr {_eZH$m`m©Mm B{Vhmg
- B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

6) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ì`{º$‘Îd

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr {eS>uOdirb amhmVm `oWo H$mhr H$mi ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. nwUo Y‘©àm§VmMo Z§Va {ìhH$a OZab Pmbobo ‘mopÝgZmoa ao{OZmëS> JmoÝgmbdrg ho Ë`mH$mimV amhmË`mbm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ghm`H$ hmoVo. JmoÝgmbdrg `m§Zr ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ì`{º$‘Îd Am[U Ë`m§Mr H$m`©e¡br `m{df`r {b{hbo Amho. `m ‘hmZ {‘eZarMo {MÌ Ë`m§Zr nwT>rb eãXm§V aoImQ>bo Amho.

""’$mXa Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a ho ^anya C§M Am{U ~iH$Q> hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr XmT>r H§$~aon`ªV hmoVr Am{U XmQ> ^wd`m§Imbr ^oXH$ S>moio hmoVo. Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMo H$ï> Vo gmogV AgV. H$R>rU n[apñWVrer Vo gm‘Zm H$aV AgV. IS>~S>rV, YwirÀ`m añË`m§dê$Z Amnë`m Q>m§½`mVyZ Vo {XdgmVyZ 30 ‘¡b àdmg H$aV AgV, CKS>çmda Hw$R>ohr PmonV AgV Am{U H$moaS>çm MnmË`m Am{U eo§JXmÊ`m§da Vo Amnbr ^yH$ ^mJdV AgV. AemàH$maÀ`m Xm¡è`mda Vo {H$VrVar AmR>dS>o AgV Am{U {‘eZ Ho$§Ðmda naVë`mZ§Vahr Vo AJXr VmOoVdmZo Am{U V§XwéñV AgV. Ë`m§Mm Agm hm {XZH«$‘ Vã~b nÞmg df} Mmby hmoVm! ’$mXa Om{H$`a AË`§V hwema hmoVo. B©ekmZ Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ Y‘©{Z`‘m§Mm Ë`m§Mm Xm§S>Jm Aä`mg hmoVm. ^maVmV Amë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr B§J«Or Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfm§Mm Aä`mg MmbyM R>odbm hmoVm .Amnë`m Q>o~bmnmer noZ, H$mJX, {S>ŠeZar Am{U ì`mH$aUm§Mr nwñVHo$ KoD$Z Vo Aä`mg H$aV. H°$Wmo{bH$ Y‘©{ejUmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$‘mV Am{U ‘amR>r Jm`Zm§À`m nwñVH$m§V gwYmaUm KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mV Vo VmgZVmg JH©$ AgV. Vo EH$ AË`§V C? XOm©Mo g§JrVH$ma hmoVo. Amnë`m {‘eZH|$ÐmVrb bmoH$m§À`m VrZ-Mma {nT>çm§Zm Ë`m§Zr gmYrgmonr Jm`Zo Am{U g§JrV{‘ñgm {eH${dbr. Vo EH$ à^mdr dºo$ hmoVo. ‘mÌ Ë`m§Mm AmdmO daÀ`m {Q>nobm nmohmoMbm H$s T>Jm§À`m JS>JS>mQ>mMmM ^mg hmoB©. ~w{Õ~i, nÎmo Am{U {~{b`S>©g IoiÊ`mV Vo nma§JV hmoVo. {d{dY joÌm§Vrb Ëæmm§À`m `m H$m¡eë`m§‘wio Ë`m§À`m XJXJrÀ`m OrdZmV AË`§V Amdí`H$ AgUmam {da§Jwim {‘iV Ago. Ë`m§À`m `m H$m¡eë`mMm Ë`m§À`m AmgnmgÀ`m bmoH$m§Zmhr ’$m`Xm hmoV Ago.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb AZoH$ IoSy>V ’$mXa Om{H$`aÀ`m ê$nmZo n{hë`m§XmM EImXr `wamo{n`Z ì`ŠVr nmhmV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m Ë`m XmQ> ^wd`m, C§Monwao VJS>o eara Am{U XwWS>r ^ê$Z dmhUmè`m JmoXmdarÀ`m nmÊ`mgmaIm JO©Umam Ë`m§Mm Vmo AmdmO Hw$UmÀ`mhr N>mVrV YS>H$s {Z‘m©U H$aUmam hmoVm. ñdV:hÿZ Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmÊ`mMr Hw$UmMrhr qh‘V ZìhVr. ’$mXa Hw$R>ë`mhr dñVrV {eabo H$s {VWë`m Am`m~m`m Amnë`m S>moŠ`mdaÀ`m nXamZo Moham A{YH$M PmHy$Z KoV Am{U bJ~JrZo PmonS>çm§V {eaV. bhmZ ‘wbo~mio Km~ê$Z qH$MmiV, aS>V Xya niV OmV. nmamda nÎ`m§Mm S>md IoiV Agbobr nwéf‘§S>ir KmB©KmB©Zo nÎmo bn{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV. ‘mÌ Vmon`ªV Iyn Cera Pmbobm Ago. ’$mXam§À`m ZOaoVyZ Ë`m§Mm nÎ`m§Mm S>md {ZgQ>bobm ZgVmo. Amnë`m bm§~ T>m§Jm Q>mH$V Vo nmamOdi nmohmoMV Am{U nÎ`m§Mr ‘mJUr H$aV. Z§Va {VWë`mM EH$m XJS>mda ~gyZ Vo nÎmo {ngm`bm bmJm`Mo. Vmon`ªV ^rS> Monboë`m Ë`m ‘mUgm§H$Sy>Z Vo Ë`m§À`m nÎ`m§Mm S>md {eHy$Z KoV Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§ZmM Ë`m§À`m Ë`m S>mdm§V hadm`Mo. Amnë`mbm ‘mhrV Agbobo S>mdhr ’$mXa Ë`m Jmddmë`m§Zm {eH$dV AgV. nÎmo A{YH$ g§»`on`ªV H$go ‘moOm`Mo hohr Vo Ë`m {Zaja IoSy>Vm§Zm {eH$dV.

Ë`mZ§Va dfm©Zwdf} ’$mXa Om{H$`a Ë`m Am{U BVa Jmdm§Zm ^oQ> XoV am{hbo. Amnë`m Ë`m Zoho‘rÀ`m XJS>m§da dm nmam§da ~gyZ VoWrb JmdH$è`m§er Vo nÎmo IoiV, g§dmX gmYV. Vmon`ªV nwîH$i Jmdm§V AZoH$ bmoH$ {¼ñVr Pmbobo Agm`Mo. JmdÀ`m nmQ>rb Am{U BVa qhXy bmoH$m§erhr ’$mXam§Mo Mm§Jbo g§~§Y {Z‘m©U Pmbobo Agm`Mo. nwT>À`m H$mimV ’$mXa Om{H$`a Ambo Va VoWrb Am`m~m`m§Zm Km~ê$Z PmonS>rV {eaÊ`mMr JaO ^mgV Zgo. CbQ> Amnë`m bhmZ½`m ‘wbm§Zm KoD$Z Ë`m ’$mXam§Zm ^oQ>m`bm `m`À`m. Vmon`ªV CVmad`mH$S>o PwH$bobo ’$mXa Om{H$`a AmVm gJù`m§Mo Om{H$`a~m~m ~Zbobo AgV. H$mhr ‘wbo Va Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$‘aoda éiUmè`m XmT>rerhr Mmim H$aV. H$mhr XeH$m§nydu `mM bhmZ ‘wbm§Mo AmB©-dS>rb Am{U H$Xm{MV AmOr-AmOmo~mgwÕm ’$mXa Om{H$`abm nmhÿZ bm§~ nimbo hmoVo.""

’$mXa {‘Mob \$m°aob `m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r gZ 1909 ‘Ü`o {b{hbo hmoVo. ""Jobr nmM df} ‘mPo Jwê$ ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr ‘r {‘eZH$m`m©Mo YS>o KoVmo Amho. `oWrb Am‘Mo gd© {¼ñVr bmoH$ ‘hma `m Añn¥í` OmVrMo AmhoV. Amnë`m OwÝ`m gd`r Q>mHy$Z {¼ñVr Y‘m©à‘mUo dmJUo Ë`m§Zm {VVHo$ gmono OmV Zmhr. H$mhr OUm§Mm AndmX gmoS>bm Va ho ~hþVoH$ gd© bmoH$ hiyhiy {¼ñVr àoaUm Am{U OrdZe¡brMm ñdrH$ma H$aVmV. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm Vo Amnë`m {nË`mg‘mZ ‘mZ XoVmV. `oWrb EHy$U 3hOma 900 ~m{áñå`m§n¡H$s 3 hOma ~m{áñ‘o ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§ZrM Ho$bo AmhoV. `oWrb ‘hmam§Zm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m{df`r Iyn ^rVr dmQ>Vo Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m{df`r Iyn ào‘hr Amho. ~mhoarb BVam§er ~mobVm§Zm Vo AmXamZo ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m ñd^mdm~Ôb, Ë`m§À`m bm§~bMH$ XmT>r~Ôb Am{U Vo amJmV Agë`mda Ë`m§Mo S>moio {H$Vr ^r{VXm`H$ AgV `m~Ôb gm§JV AgVmV. ’$mXa Om{H$`a ñd^mdmZo IynM Mm§Jbo AmhoV Am{U AS>rAS>MUrÀ`m H$mimV Ë`m§À`m nmR>r‘mJo amhUmar Am{U Ë`m§Zm ‘XV H$aUmar Xwgar BVa Hw$R>brhr ì`º$s Zmhr Ago ho bmoH$ AJXr Iwë`m ‘ZmZo gm§JVmV.""

KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm ‘§{Xa Y_©J«m_mÀ`m 'qMVZ' `m ‘wInÌmÀ`m E{àb 2004 A§H$mV ~miy Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mr hr H${dVm Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {MÌ S>moù`mnwT>o C^o H$aVo.

H$mir Q>monr bm§~ XmT>r, emo^o Om{H$`a~m~mbm

hmM Iam ‘hmamï´>mV Y‘©Jwê$ n{hbm

d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mV N>moQ>g§ ho Jmd

Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§VmV n{hbo KmoJaJmd

ñ‘emZ^y‘rV amhÿZ ‘mJ© Xmdrbm OZm§Zm

Q>n Q>n KmoS>çm§Mm Q>m§Jm OmB© IoS>çm§da

Ho$bm Y‘m©Mm àMma ào‘ XrZm§da

gË` dmMZ ew^ AmMaU emo^o nm§T>è`m P½`mbm

{ZË` H$ar H«w$g àmW©Zm On‘mi

A{daV H$îQ>m§‘YyZ ~m§{Ybo XoD$i

KUKU K§Q>m dmOo Xmhr {Xem§Zm

hmM Iam ‘hmamï´>mV Y‘©Jwê$ n{hbm

7) {‘eZH$m`m©V, IoSw>Vm§‘Ü`o a‘bobo Om{H$`a~m~m

KmoJaJmdmV Añn¥í` ‘hma g‘mOmV ào{fVH$m`© Am{U gm‘m{OH$ à~moYZH$m`© H$aUo {VVH$s gmYrgwYr Jmoï> ZìhVr. eVH$mZweVHo$ Añn¥í` åhUyZ C?dUu` g‘mOmZo dmirV Q>mH$boë`m ‘hma g‘mOmÀ`m AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ g‘ñ`m hmoË`m. Amnë`m Jmdm§Vrb C?dUu`, Am{U {deofV: JmdMo nmQ>rb Am{U gmdH$ma `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zm AË`§V dmB©Q>, An‘mZmñnX dmJUyH$ {‘iV Ago. g‘mOmV gX¡d hoQ>miUrM dmQ>obm Amboë`m ‘hma bmoH$m§‘Ü`o H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV AZoH$ ~è`m~wè`m àWm éOë`m hmoË`m. ~mb{ddmh, H$mS>r_moS> qH$dm KQ>ñ’$moQ>, b¾m{dZm EH$Ì amhUo Aem àWm Ë`mdoir hmoË`m. Ë`m~Ôb Hw$UmbmM H$mhr J¡a dmQ>V ZìhVo. {¼ñVr Y‘m©À`m VÎdmZwgma bmoH$m§Mo AmMaU Agmdo `mgmR>r `m J«m‘rU ^mJmV `m naXoer {‘eZarg Iyn AmQ>m{nQ>m H$amdm bmJV Ago. Amnë`m `m Zd{¼ñVr g‘mOmÀ`m gm‘m{OH$, Z¡{VH$ Am[U Am{W©H$ pñWVrV gwYmaUm ìhmdr `mgmR>r Ë`m‘wio ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm AZoH$Xm H$mhr H$Qy YmoaU ñdrH$mamdo bmJV Ago.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømV Ë`mH$mir àM{bV Agboë`m AZoH$ A{Zï> gm‘m{OH$ àWm ~§X H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm Iyn H$ï> H$amdo bmJbo. EImXm ~mb{ddmh hmoUma Amho qH$dm EImXr ì`º$s Amnbr nËZr qH$dm nVr {Od§V AgVmZm Xwgao b¾ H$aUma Amho Ago H$ibo H$s ’$mXa Om{H$`a Amnë`m KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z {Xdgm qH$dm amÌr Xhm-drg ‘¡b àdmg H$ê$Z Ë`m Jmdr OmD$Z Vr àWm amoIV AgV. V‘mem `m bmoH$H$boVrb Aíbrb àH$ma Am{U `m bmoH$H$boÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ V‘mgJra ór-H$bmH$mam§Mo hmoUmao b¢{JH$ emofU `m~Ôb ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm àM§S> MrS> hmoVr. KmoJaJmd n§MH«$moerV AJXr a§JmV Ambobo V‘memMo à`moJ Ë`m§Zr AZoH$Xm ~§X nmS>bo hmoVo. ~mb{ddmh, Xwgao b¾ `mgmaIo àH$ma EH$Q>çmXwH$Q>çmZo amoIUo {VVHo$ ghO ZìhVo. ‘mÌ `wamo{n`Z Agë`mZo ’$mXam§Mm EH$ àH$maMm dMH$ Ago Am{U Ë`m§Zm {damoY H$aÊ`mMr Hw$Um EH$m ì`º$sg qH$dm AJXr O‘mdmghr qh‘V hmoV Zgo. H$m`XmH$mZyZMr ‘m{hVr Agë`mZo àg§Jr gaH$maXa~mar OmD$Z Ago A{Zï> àH$ma Vo amoIV AgV. Ë`m‘wio AZoH$Xm Ë`m§Zm Amnë`mM bmoH$m§Mm amofhr AmoT>dyZ ¿`mdm bmJV Ago. Ë`m_wio 1900 gmbr Amnë`m amoO{ZerV EH$Xm ’$mXam§Zr {b{hbo hmoVo : ""‘bm bmoH$m§Zr Iam~ gmho~ åhUOo H$S>H$, ^`§H$a Ago Zmd {Xbo Amho. ‘mÂ`m `m à{V‘oer gmOogo dV©Z H$aÊ`mMm ‘r A{YH$m{YH$ à`ËZ H$aVmo Amho.''

’$mXa Om{H$`a ñd^mdmZo {H$Vrhr H$S>H$ Agbo Var {‘eZH|$ÐmVrb Amnë`m bmoH$m§{df`r Ë`m§Zm ‘m`m, ào‘ hmoVo. {H$VrVar eVHo$ Añn¥í` åhUyZ hoQ>mië`m Joboë`m, Jmdm~mhoa hmH$bboë`m, Xodim§V àdoe ZmH$maboë`m ‘hma bmoH$m§Zm n{hë`m§XmM EH$ ì`ŠVr ‘mPo bmoH$ åhUyZ ñdrH$maV hmoVr. Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m JwUm§-AdJwUm§gh ñdrH$maV hmoVr. IoS>çmnmS>çm§‘Ü`o `m bmoH$m§‘Ü`o dmdaVmZm ’$mXa Om{H$`a AJXr Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s EH$ hmoV, Ë`m§À`mgmaIr OrdZe¡br OJV. KmoJaJmd {‘eZHo$§ÐmVrb AZoH$ JmdÀ`m ‘hma bmoH$m§Zm `mMoM ’$ma ‘moR>o Aàyn dmQ>V hmoVo.

KmoJaJmdÀ`m n§MH«$moerVrb AS>mUr, Jmd§T>i Zd{¼ñVr bmoH$m§‘Ü`o H$m‘ H$aV AgVm§Zm `wamo{n`Z g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m ghZeº$sMm AZoH$Xm A§V Pmbm AgUma. ‘mÌ {‘eZar d¥ÎmrZo H$m‘ H$aVm§Zm Ë`m§Zr Ë`m bmoH$m§Zm gm§^miyZ KoVbo. ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Zrhr Ë`m§Mm {eñV{à` ñd^md, bmoH$m§À`m AS>MUrÀ`m doir ‘XV H$aÊ`m{df`rMr Agbobr Vi‘i g‘OmdyZ KobVr Am{U Ë`m§À`m H$S>H$ ñd^mdmH$S>o, AmH$m§S>Vm§S>dmH$S>o Xwb©j Ho$bo. EH$mM Jmdr Mma XeHo$ H$m‘ H$aÊ`mMr ’$mXam§Zm g§Yr {‘imbr. Aem n[apñWVrV EImÚm ì`º$sMo XwJw©U, ‘`m©Xm A{YH$ AYmoaoIrV hmoD$Z Vr ì`º$s ZmdS>Vr hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ~m~VrV Ago KS>bo Zmhr, CbQ> Ë`m§À`mer {ZJ{S>V Agboë`m AZoH$ KQ>Zm `m n[agamV AmOhr H$m¡VwH$mZo gm§{JVë`m OmVmV.

’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ Wm°‘g `m§Mr 1897 bm ZmJnyabm ~Xbr Pmë`mZ§Va H$mhr ‘{hÝ`mVM {demImnÅ>U‘bm ZwH$VoM Xrjm{dYr Pmbobo ’$mXa AZ}ñQ> WoìhZoQ> ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ghm`H$ åhUyZ KmoJaJmdbm Ambo. {‘eZar H$m‘mV AmdS>rZo ^mJ KoUmè`m ’$mXa AZ}ñQ>Mr àH¥$Vr ‘mÌ IynM ZmOyH$ hmoVr. gVV AmOmar nS>V Agë`m‘wio ’$mXa AZ}ñQ> `m§Zm {‘eZar§Mr IS>Va OrdZe¡br Ponbr Zmhr. gZ 1898 À`m ‘Ü`m§Vamg Ë`m‘wio Ë`m§Mr Im§S>dm `oWo ~Xbr Pmbr. ’$mXa Om{H$`a KmoJaJmdmV nwÝhm EH$Xm EH$Q>oM am{hbo.

Amnë`m `m bmoH$m§{df`r ’$mXam§Zr {b{hbo Amho : ""‘hma bmoH$m§‘Ü`o AZoH$ AdJwU AmhoV. Ë`m§À`mV Zo_Ho$ Hw$R>bo Xmof ZmhrV ho gm§JUo AdKS> Amho. `mn¡H$s J{d©ï> ñd^md Am{U Aàm‘m{UH$nUm ho Xmof A{YH$ R>iH$nUo {XgyZ `oVmV. `m bmoH$m§er ‘m`oZo Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a I§~ranUo dmJmdo bmJVo. Ë`m§À`mH$SyZ EImXo Iyn ‘moR>o XwîH¥$Ë` hmoÊ`mnmgyZ Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`m bhmZghmZ XwJw©Um§H$S>o H$mZmS>moim H$amdm bmJVmo. EImXm Xmof Xya H$aUo eŠ` Zgob Va ‘J Amnë`m VÎdmer ~m§{YbH$r H$m`‘ R>odUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo.''

1902 À`m Owb¡ ‘{hÝ`mV KmoJaJmdmV ‘moR>r Ymdni gwê$ hmoVr. `m{df`r ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr amoO{ZerV {b{hbo Amho : ""[‘eZ H§$nmD§$S>‘Ü`o ^aJ? H$m`©H«$‘m§Zr ‘moR>r OmZ Ambr Amho. Joë`m AmR>dS>çmV e§^amhyZ A{YH$ bmoH$m§Zm ‘bm OodU Úmdo bmJbo. `m AmR>dS>çmV 80 bmoH$m§gmR>r OodU ~Zdbo. Ë`m{edm` {‘eZ H§$nmD§$S>‘Ybo H$m‘H$ar bmoH$ Am{U emioVrb ~mo{S>ªJ‘Ybr ‘wbo AmhoVM. gÜ`m `oWo doJdoJù`m H$m_m§V bmoH$ X§J AmhoV. `oWo O‘boë`m bmoH$m§Zm Mma ‘mñVa Y‘©{ejU XoV AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m ‘XVrg H$Yr H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioVrb ‘moR>r ‘wbohr AgVmV. BWë`m emioÀ`m dJm©dJm©§V, ìham§S>çm§V Am{U PmS>m§Imbrhr {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am{U àm¡T>m§À`m JQ>mJQ>m§Zm Y‘©{ejU {Xbo OmV Amho. `mn¡H$s H$mhr OU n{hë`m H$å`w{Z`ZMr V`mar H$aV AmhoV, Va H$mhr OU {ddmhnyd© à{ejUmV Y‘©{df`H$ kmZmMr COiUr H$aV AmhoV. Ë`m{edm`, ñd`§nmH$KamVyZ XJS>m§À`m OmË`m§da XiU XiÊ`mMm AmdmO Am{U ñd`§nmH$s ~m`m XiU XiVmZm JmV Agboë`m Amoì`m EoHy$ `oV AmhoV. EHy$U gJù`m n[agamV ~mobÊ`mMm Am{U Jm`ZmMm AmdmO H$mZmda nS>Vmo Amho. `m gd© Jmo§Yimda ‘mV H$aV ‘mñVa bmoH$ Amnë`m H$H©$e AmdmOmV ‘moR>çmZo gyMZm XoV AmhoV. Aem `m g§JrV‘` dmVmdaUmV ‘r ñdV: ho nÌ {b{hV Amho. M°nob‘Ü`o VmbmgwamV àmW©Zm Jm`ë`m OmV AmhoV. {OVH$m OmñV Jm|Yi Am{U JS>~S>, {VVH$m A{YH$ ‘r AmZ§Xr AgVmo. Á`mdoir qhXwñWmZr bmoH$ AmdmO H$aV Zmhr, Ë`mdoir Vo Pmonbo AmhoV Ago Iwemb g‘OyZ ¿`mdo.""

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr KmoJaJmdÀ`m n[agamV ZdZdr {‘eZH$|Ðo C^mabr. g§V ’«$m{Ýgg Po{d`aÀ`m gUm{Z{‘Îm åhUOo 3 {S>g|~a 1901 amoOr daIoS> JmdmV Zì`m M°nboMr H$moZ{ebm Amerdm©{XV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`mM ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m AIoarg ZmJnwamhyZ ’$mXa H$m°nob Am{U H$mhr H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> {gñQ>a KmoJaJmd {‘eZH|$ÐmVrb bmoH$m§gh ZmVmi gU gmOam H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ambo hmoVo. ZmVmimÀ`m nyd©g§Ü`obm åhUOo 24 {S>g§o~abm Am{U 25 {S>go§~abm KmoJaJmdmV ‘moR>m H$m`©H«$‘ Pmbm.

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