Attempts to free Marathwada tamasha artistes from exploitation: French Missionary Fr Jacquier

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- B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

17) V_mg{Jam§Mo b¢{JH$, gm_m{OH$ emofU Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m

EHo$H$mir _amR>r {MÌnQ>g¥ï>rV V_memàYmZ {MÌnQ>m§Mr bmQ> Ambr hmoVr. ìhr. em§Vmam_ `m§Zr {X½X{e©V Ho$boë`m "qnOam' `m {MÌnQ>mMm Zm`H$ Agbobm AmXe© {ejH$ JmdmV Ambobm V_memMm Ioi ~§X nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. S>m°. lram_ bmJy `m§Zr gmH$mabobm hm emim_mñVa V_memem¡{H$Zm§À`m {damoYmMr {\${H$a Z H$aVm Amnë`m Z¡{VH$ ~imda EH$Q>çmZo V_memMm a§JmV Ambobm Ioi ~§X nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. _wimV V_mem hm EH$ AZ¡{VH$ àH$ma Amho Am{U Amnë`m JmdÀ`m bmoH$m§Zm Ë`mnmgyZ Xya R>odUo ho Amnbo Z¡{VH$ H$V©ì` Amho, `m g_OmnmoQ>r ho _mñVa V_mem ~§X nmS>Ê`mMr YS>nS> H$aV AgVmV. V_memVrb ZV©H$sÀ`m ào_mV nSy>Z `m _mñVam§Mo Z§Va Z¡{VH$ AY:nVZ hmoVo hr Jmoï> {Zamir. _mÌ V_mem{df`r g_mOmV H$m` à{V_m hmoVr ho "qnOam"Vrb AmXe© _mñVam§À`m ^y{_Ho$VyZ ñnîQ> hmoVo.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb KmoJaJmdmV Am{U AmgnmgÀ`m n[agamVrb Añn¥í` bmoH$m§Zr V_memV H$m_ H$ê$ Z`o, V_memÀ`m \$S>mbm hOoar bmdy Z`o Agm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mm AmJ«h hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m {damoYmg Z Ow_mZVm AmgnmgÀ`m EImÚm JmdmV V_memMm \$S> ^abm Va EoZ a§JmV Ambobm à`moJ Vo ~§X nmS>V AgV. V_mem `m bmoH$H$boMo OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r AmO {d{dY g§ñWm§V\}$ Am{U emgZmV\}$ à`ËZ Ho$bo OmV AmhoV. Joë`m eVH$mV `m {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$Zo `m bmoH$H$bo{déÕ ^y{_H$m H$m KoVbr ho OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r V_mem `m bmoH$H$boMo ñdê$n _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoVbo nm{hOo.

_mÂ`m bhmZnUr lram_nwamV AmR>dS>çmÀ`m ~mOmamÀ`m {Xder åhUOo ewH«$dmar ~mOmaVimnmerM V_memMo \$S> ^aV AgV. Am_À`m KamnmgyZ nmMeo _rQ>a A§Vamdarb _¡XmZmV V_memMo V§~y C^mabo OmV AgV. Á`oð> V_memH$bmd§V {dR>m~mB© ^mD$ _m§J Zmam`UJmdH$a, H$m§Vm~mB© gmVmaH$a Am{U Jwbm~~mB© g§J_ZoaH$a dJ¡a|À`m V_memÀ`m \$S>m§Mr {Xdg^a Mmbbobr Om{hamV Amåhr _wbo nmhmV Agy. _mÌ KamVrb dm eoOmanmOmamVrb Hw$Ur àm¡T>_§S>ir `m V_memÀ`m Ioimbm OmV ZgV. AmR>dS>çmÀ`m ~mOmambm `oUmao AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çmnmS>çmVrb bmoH$M àm_w»`mZo `m bmoH$H$boMo Aml`XmVo AgV. Amåhm _wbm§Zm {gZo_mbm OmÊ`mg nadmZJr Ago. _mÌ EH$Xm Var V_mem hm H$m` àH$ma Agmdm `mMm AZw^d ¿`mdm Agm {dMmahr H$Yr _ZmV Ambm Zmhr, `mMo H$maU V_mem åhUOo EH$ Aíbrb H$m`©H«$_ Am{U Am§~Q>em¡H$sZ a{gH$m§Mo H$a_UwH$sMo gmYZ Agm gdmªMmM g_O hmoVm.

""V_mem H$boV Mmoanmdbm§Zr `oUmar AZ¡{VH$Vm hm Va qMVoMm {df` Amho. _hma, _m§J, Am{U H$moëhmQ>çmMr ~mB© ZmMdU§ Am{U n¡gm \o$Hy$Z {Vbm ZmJdU§ hr CÀMdUu` ga§Om_r _mZ{gH$Vm ~Xbbr Zmhr Va na§nam åhUyZ V_mem H$m {Q>H$dm`Mm, hmhr àíZ Amho,"" Ago V_mem H$boMo EH$ Aä`mgH$ S>m°. {_qbX H$g~o `m§Zr Amnë`m "V_mem: H$bm Am{U H$bmd§V" `m nwñVH$mV {b{hbo Amho.1

darb nwñVH$mÀ`m àñVmdZoVM V_mem joÌmMr AJXr OdiyZ AmoiI Agbobo A{^ZoVo {Ziy \w$bo `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho H$s "_mJmg, Añn¥í` g_Oë`m OmUmè`m _hma, _m§J ,H$moëhmQ>r, Jmonmi AmXr OmVrMo H$bmH$ma V_memV OmñV AmhoV. Ë`m§ZrM hr H$bm {Q>H$dbr Amho. V_mem joÌmV H$O© hm EH$ _moR>m àíZ Amho. \$S>_mbH$ gmdH$mamH$Sy>Z H$O© KoVmV. V_memVbm H$bmH$ma \$S>_mbH$mH$Sy>Z H$O© KoVmV. AemàH$mao \$S>_mbH$ H$O©~mOmar, H$bmH$ma-H$m_Jma H$O©~mOmar, H$Om©da MmbUmam hm ì`dgm` Amho. H$Om©_wio H$moUrhr gwIr Zmhr. V_membm n¡go nwa{dUmao ~hþVoH$ gdU© AgVmV. V_memVrb ñÌr H$bmH$ma H$O©~mOmar Agob Am{U H$O© {\$Q>bo Zmhr Va {Vbm ^m§S>dbXmamÀ`m ñdmYrZ ìhmdo bmJVo. gVV Xm[aÐ`mV amhÿZhr ho H$bmH$ma V_membm H$m {MH$Qy>Z am{hbo Agm àíZ Zoho_r _mÂ`m _ZmV `oV Ago.' H$Xm{MV V_mem H$bodarb ào_mnmoQ>rM hm dgm Ë`m§Zr ñdrH$mabm Agmdm, Ago Ë`m§Zr nwT>o åhQ>bo Amho.

ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va V_memda AíbrbVoMm Amamon Pmbm. Ë`m_wio _w§~B© amÁ`mMo
_w»`_§Ìr ~mimgmho~ Ioa `m§Zr 1948 gmbr V_memda ~§Xr KmVbr Jobr. hr ~§Xr CR>mdr åhUyZ V_mem H$bmd§Vm§Zr à`ËZ Ho$bo. Ë`mdoir Ioa `§mZr _hm_hmonmÜ`m` XÎmmo dm_Z nmoVXma `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr V_mem gwYma g{_Vr Zo_br hmoVr. `m g{_VrZo V_memMo g§{H$Vm boIZ Am{U gmXarH$aUm~m~VrV H$mhr AQ>r KmVë`mZ§Va V_memdarb hr ~§Xr CR>dÊ`mV Ambr. V_memV Aíbrb g§dmX ZgmdoV, Xm¡bVOmXm H$aVmZm V_mgJra ZQ>rbm hmV bmdy Z`o dJ¡ao AQ>r bmdÊ`mV Amë`m.

nwUo {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m ndim nÇ>oamd~mnyamd gm{hË`, g§JrV, bmoH$H$bm AH°$S>o_r Am{U nmW\$mB§S>a B§Q>aZ°eZb `m g§ñWm§À`m dVrZo nwÊ`mV 2007 À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~amV V_mem _hmoËgd d H$m`©emim Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.Ë`m{Z{_Îm àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m H$m`©H«$_n{ÌHo$V V_mem~Ôb _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. Ë`mZwgma V_mem eãX hm \$maerVyZ CXy©V Am{U CXy©VyZ _amR>rV Ambm Amho Ago {XgVo. V_mem hm àH$ma Á`m em{ham§Zr ê$T> Ho$bm Vmo emhra (emB©a hm _yi eãX) Aa~r ^mfoVyZ _amR>rV Ambm Amho. Ë`m_wio V_mem hm H$bmàH$ma _wgb_mZm§À`m à^mdmVyZ CX`mg Ambm Agmdm Ago H$mhr g§emoYH$m§Mo _V Amho. _hmamï´>mVrb OmJaU, Jm|Yi, ^méS>, b{iVo Am{U XemdVma `m bmoH$H$bm§Mmhr AWm©VM V_memda à^md Amho. gmYmaUV: V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm _hmamï´>mV _hma, _m§J, Jm|Yir, H$moëhmQ>r, S>m|~mar `m§À`mM hmVr am{hbr Ago `m n{ÌHo$Vhr ñnï> åhQ>bo Amho. C„oI Ho$boë`m `m gd© OmVr Añn¥í`, JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m OmVrO_mVr. AWm©V `m bmoH$H$boMm AmñdmX KoUmao d n`m©`mZo `m H$bmH$mam§Mo {d{dY àH$mao b¢{JH$ emofU H$aUmao a{gH$OZ AWm©VM C?dUu` hmoVo. V_memVrb órH$bmH$mam§Mo b¡{JH$ emofU H$aVmZm _mÌ `m H$bmdVm§Mr Añn¥í`Vm VodT>çmnwaVr ZOaoAmS> Ho$br OmV Ago ho {deof.

Amnë`m Xoem§V gd©M nma§n[aH$ ì`dgm` OmVtda AmYm[aV AmhoV Am{U gd© bmoH$H$bm§À`m ~m~VrVhr AerM n[apñWVr Amho. V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm àm_w»`mZo _hma Am{U _mV§J OmVrVrb bmoH$m§Zr {dH${gV Ho$br. `m Añn¥í` OmVrVrb _{hbm V_memV ZmMV Am{U JmV AgV Va nwéf_§S>ir T>mobH$r, VwUVwUo, _§{Oam, S>\$, hbJr, H$S> Am{U noQ>r hr g§JrVdmÚo dmO{dV AgV. Ë`mdê$Z `m bmoH$H$bobm Am{U {VÀ`mer g§~§{YV Agboë`m H$bmH$mam§Zm CÀMdUu`m§V H$m` à{Vð>m Ago `mMr H$ënZm H$aVm `oVo. V_memMm h§Jm_ nmdgmim Am{U eoVrMo H$m_o g§në`mZ§Va Xgam Vo Aj`V¥Vr`m `m H$mimV AgVmo. b½ZgamB©V dmO§Ìr H$m_, `mÌoÀ`m h§Jm_mV V_meo BË`mXrVhr _hma àm_w»`mZo AmT>iVmV.3 _r bhmZ AgVmZm KmoJaJmdmV _mPo _m_o^mD$ b½ZgamB©V {nnmUr, T>mobH$s dJ¡ao dmÚo dmOdV AgV ho _bm AmR>dVo. `m_mJMr H$maU_r_m§gm darb g§X^© dmMë`mZ§VaM _bm g_Obr. `mMm AW© dmÚoo dmO{dÊ`mMr H$bm Vo KamVrb Hw$UmH$Sy>Z qH$dm ZmVodmB©H$m§H$Sy>Z {eH$bo AgUma. Hw$Ur gm§Jmdo, H$Xm{MV _mÂ`m AmOmoimVrb _mPo H$mhr ZmVodmB©H$hr Ë`m§À`m VéUnUmV åhUOo \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m H$mimV V_memVhr PrbH$ar dm BVa H$m_o H$aV AgVrb.

Á`oð> H$dr Zmam`U gwd} `m§Zr AÊUm^mD$ gmR>o `m§À`mdarb 1969 gmbr {b{hboë`m EH$m boImV V_mem{df`r Ho$bobr {Q>nÊUrhr `m g§X^m©V nmhVm `oB©b. gwdo© åhUVmV : ""n§Mdrg dfm©§nydu V_mem hm eãX EImÚm Añn¥í`mgmaIm dmnabm OmB©. V_mem åhUOo gä` bmoH$m§Zr, {eï> bmoH$m§Zr, AJa nmoir~mitZr Z nmhmdm, Agm ZmQ>H$mMm EH$ àH$ma. Ë`mV ZmÀ`mnmoè`m AgVmo, Vmo KmUoaS>o d Aíbrb hmd^md H$aVmo. e¥§Jm[aH$ d MmdQ> JmUr åhUVmo, Ë`mZo gwg§ñH¥$V _mUgm§Mr A{^éMr {~KS>Vo. V_mem H$aUmao Añn¥í` AgVmV d Vmo nmhmUo nmn Amho hr àMbrV ^mdZm Ë`m H$mimV hmoVr.''

V_mem `m bmoH$H$boMo bmoH$ZmQ>çmV ê$nm§Va hmoÊ`mAmYr nma§n[aH$ V_memVrb H$bmH$mam§Mr OmVr{df`H$ nmíd©^y_r, pñÌH$bmH$mam§Mo b¢{JH$ emofU Am{U `m bmoH$H$boVrb à`moJm§Vrb g§dmX Am{U ZmMJmÊ`m§Vrb AíbrbVm dJ¡ao g§X^© Ü`mZmV KoVbo åhUOo Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr V_membm H$m {damoY Ho$bm ho g_OVo. "[n§Oam" {MÌnQ>mVrb AmXe© _mñVahr Z¡{VH$ Ñï>rH$moZmVyZM V_memÀ`m Ioimg {damoY H$aV AgVmV. _hmamï´>mMo {dÚ_mZ Cn_w»`_§Ìr Ama. Ama. nmQ>rb `m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z _hmamï´> amÁ`mV {~`a~ma_Ü`o _{hbm§À`m ZmMJmÊ`m§da ~§Xr KmVbr Amho. Ë`m_mJohr pñÌ`m§À`m b¢{JH$ emofUmg Am{U AíbrbVog {damoY AerM Ë`m§Mr ^y{_H$m Amho.

\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m g§X^m©V à{gÕ Pmboë`m Hw$R>ë`mhr {bImUmV Ë`m§Zr V_membm Ho$boë`m {damoYmMm C„oI _mÂ`m dmMÊ`mV H$Yr Ambm Zmhr. _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§Zr Am{U KmoJaJmdmVrb _mÂ`m _m_m§À`m g§^mfUmV _mÌ `m~m~VMr MMm© _r AZoH$Xm EoH$br Amho. em§ËdZ Am{U dm_Z {eZJmao `m _mÂ`m XmoZ _m_m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m N>H$S>çmda JmS>rdmZ åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbobr _m{hVr `m~m~V {dídmgmh© _mZVm `oB©b.

Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r KmoJaJmd n[agamV Añn¥í` {¼ñVr g_mOmV VgoM CÀMdUu` dJ¡ao _§S>irV _moR>m AmXa hmoVm. gaH$maXa~mar H$boŠQ>a Am{U VhgrbXma `m gma»`m A{YH$mè`m§er Am{U eoOmanmOmaÀ`m Jmdm§À`m nmQ>rb dJ¡ao _§S>iter Ë`m§Mo Iyn Mm§Jbo g§~§Y hmoVo. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb Ë`m§À`m H$m_m§_wio, Ë`m§À`m {eñV{à` ñd^mdm_wio Ë`m§À`m {df`rMm EH$ àH$maMm Xamamhr Ago. CÀM{e{jV Am{U `wamo{n`Z Agë`mZo {~«{Q>e O_mÝ`mV gaH$maXa~margwÕm Ë`m§Mm dMH$ Ago. Ë`m_wio Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Añn¥í`VmnmbZmgma»`m EImÚm A{Zï> dm AZ¡{VH$ gm_m{OH$ éT>rg {damoY Ho$bm Va Aemàg§Jr Ë`m§À`m {damoYmg OmÊ`mMr Hw$UmMr qh_V Zgm`Mr. Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr V_memÀ`m àWog {damoY Ho$bm Voìhmhr AgoM Pmbo AgUma.

KmoJaJmd Am{U AmgnmgÀ`m n[agamVrb _hma g_mOmVrb AZoH$ {¼ñVr ñÌr-nwéfhr Ë`mH$mimV V_memV H$bmH$ma åhUyZ H$m_ H$aV AgVrb `m{df`r e§H$mM Zmhr. V_memV ZmÀ`m qH$dm _mderMr ^y{_H$m H$aUmè`m nwéf ZQ>mbm bm§~ Ho$g amImdo bmJV Ago. `m J«m_rU ^mJmV AZoH$ df} amhÿZ `m bmoH$H$boMo EHy$U ñdê$n g_Oë`mZ§Va Hw$R>ë`mhr {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$Zo Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb {¼ñVr _{hbm§g V_memV ZmMÊ`mJmÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm Ho$bo AgVo. {¼ñVr nwéf _§S>itZr V_memV Aíbrb ñdê$nmMr ZmMJmUr åhUy Z`o, ZmÀ`mMo H$m_ H$é Z`o `mgmR>r Ë`m§À`mdahr X~md AmUbm AgVm.Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Va KmoJaJmd n[agamV Amnë`m Am`wî`mMr Mma XeHo$ Kmb{dbr. `m \o«§$M Y_©Jwê$Zo KmoJaJmdmV Amë`mZ§Va B§J«Or Am{U _amR>r ^mfm§da Mm§Jbo à^wËd {_idbo hmoVo. KmoJaJmdmVrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamV Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ df} Zd{¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm Vo _amR>r ^OZo, Jm`Zo {eH$dV AgV. V_membm Ë`m§Zr {damoY H$aÊ`mAmYr Ë`m§Zr `m bmoH$H$boÀ`m {d{dY A§Jm§Mm Aä`mg ZŠH$sM Ho$bm AgUma. KmoJaJmdÀ`m n§MH«$moerVrb JmdmVrb ~hþVoH$ Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gd© ì`º$s¨Zm Vo Mm§Jbo AmoiIV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s AZoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr H$Yr Zm H$Yr _XV Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m_wio EH$ ehmUr, OwUrOmUVr ì`º$s åhUyZ Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb bmoH$m§Zm ehmUnUmMo H$mhr IS>o ~mob gwZmdÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm h¸$ gdmªZmM _mÝ` hmoVm.

\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mm V_membm Agbobm H$S>dm {damoY nmhVm Vo KmoJaJmdmV AgVmZm `m bmoH$H$boMo à`moJ `m JmdmV Pmbo AgVrb `m{df`r XmQ> e§H$mM Amho. _mÌ AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çm§V V_memMo Ioi hmoVM AgV. `mÌoÀ`m dm BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr {Z{_ÎmmZo V_memMo à`moJ Agbo åhUOo Ë`m JmdmVrb Am{U AmOy~mOyÀ`m n[agamVrb nwéf_§S>ir VoWo AmdOy©Z hOa amhmV AgV. V_memMo ho à`moJ amÌrM a§JV AgV. T>mobH$sÀ`m Am{U BVa nma§n[aH$ dmÚm§À`m Vmbmda V_mgJra _{hbm Am{U nwéf JmV Am{U ZmMV AgV. Aemdoir \$mXa Om{H$`a Amnbr KmoS>mJmS>r ~mhoa H$mTy>Z Ë`m AmdmOmÀ`m {XeoZo {ZKV. amÌrÀ`m doir ZXr qH$dm AmoT>o Amobm§Sy>Z V_memÀ`m OmJr Vo nmohmoMV AgV. Ë`m Añn¥í` ñÌr-nwéf H$bmH$mam§Zr V_memÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ hmoUmao Ë`m§Mo ñdV:Mo b¢{JH$ emofU amoImdo åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm CnXoe H$aV AgV. AZoH$Xm CnXoemEodOr Ë`m bmoH$m§Mr H$mZCKmS>UrM Ho$br OmV AgUma. V_memnWH$ _moJbmB© n[agamVrb Agbo Va Ë`mVrb ~hþVoH$ V_mgJra Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m Y_©J«m_mVrb {¼ñVr bmoH$M AgV.

V_memMm EoZ a§JmV Ambobm à`moJ AemàH$mao ~§X nmS>ë`mZ§Vahr ho V_mgJra XwgarH$S>o Hw$R>oVar V_memMo Ioi MmbyM R>odVrb åhUyZ \$mXa Om{H$`a Ë`m§Mr T>mobH$s, VwUVwUr, S>\$ dJ¡ao dmÚo Amnë`m Vmã`mV KoV AgV. H$bmd§{VUrÀ`m nm`mVrb Mma-nmM {H$bmo dOZmMo Kw§Jê$hr H$mTy>Z KoV. Ë`m{edm` nwéf H$bmH$mam§Zr ZmÀ`mMr qH$dm _mderMr ^y{_H$m H$é Z`o åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr bm§~ dmTdboë`m Ho$gm§Zmhr H$mÌr bmdV AgV.

Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m AmR>dUtZm _mPo AmB©dS>rb, _m_m Am{U BVa OwZr _§S>ir COmim XoV Voìhm ho \$mXa V_mem H$go ~§X nmS>V AgV ho `m{df`r h_Img ~mobbo OmB©. Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr V_mg{Ja§mH$Sy>Z Vmã`mV KoVboë`m Am{U Amnë`m KmoS>mJmS>rVyZ KmoJaJmdmV AmUboë`m T>mobH$r, V_mgJra H$bmd§{VUtMo K§wJê$, VwUVwUo, S>\$ dJ¡ao g§JrVdmÚm§Zr {_eZH§$nmD§$S>_Yë`m XmoZ Imoë`m ^aë`m hmoË`m ho _mPr AmB© AmOhr AmdOy©Z gm§JV AgVo. _mJo KmoJaJmdbm _r ^oQ> {Xbr Voìhm VoWrb _w»` Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa ñQ>r\$Z Aë_oS>m `m§Zrhr `mg XwOmoam {Xbm. V_mg{Jam§Mr Vr g§JrVdmÚo Xhm-n§Yam dfmªnydun`ªV {_eZ H§$nmD§$S>_Yrb H$mhr Imoë`m§V gm§^miyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr Ago Ë`m§Zr EoH$bo Amho Ago Ë`m§Zr _bm gm§{JVbo.

_hma-_m§J `m Añn¥í` OmVrVrb bmoH$m§gmR>r V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm Va CXa{Zdm©hmMo _w»` gmYZ hmoVo. g_mOmVrb `m gdm©{YH$ Cno{jV KQ>H$m§Mm Vm|S>Mm Kmg {hamdyZ KoÊ`mMm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mm _wirM CÔoe ZìhVm. V_mem~m~V Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr ^y{_H$m g_mOgwYmaH$mMr hmoVr. Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb Añn¥í` bmoH$m§À`m Am{W©H$ Am{U CÞVrgmR>r \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Am{U _moJbmB©Vrb qH$dm Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb BVa {_eZatZr AZoH$ àH$ën am~dbo hmoVo. bmoH$m§À`m AS>rAS>MUrÀ`m àg§Jr Vo YmdyZ OmV AgV. Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb IoS>çm§Vrb _wbm§Zr gmja ìhmdo åhUyZ Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AZoH$ Jmdm§V emim gwê$ Ho$ë`m hmoË`m. `m emim§V gd© OmVr-Y_mªÀ`m _wbm§Zm \w$H$Q> {ejU {Xbo OmV Ago. `m emim§À`m _mñVam§À`m {ZdmgñWmZm§Mm Am{U nJmamMm IM©hr \$mXa ñdV: CMbV AgV. V_memVrb H$m_ gmoS>bo Va `m bmoH$m§gmR>r CXa{Zdm©hmMr Xwgao n`m©`hr Ë`m§Zr CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo hmoVo. KmoJaJmdmV gÜ`m Cä`m Agboë`m C§M {eIadOm {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo H$m_ EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrÀ`m H$mimV drg df} Mmby hmoVo. `m ~m§YH$m_m_wio AmgnmgÀ`m AZoH$ gwVma, Jd§S>r Aem Hw$eb H$mam{Jam§Zm VgoM BVa AZoH$ AHw$eb H$m_Jmam§Zm AZoH$ df} amoOJma CnbãY Pmbm hmoVm. Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm V_membm Agbobm {damoY Am{U `m bmoH$H$boMo à`moJ ~§X nmS>Ê`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobm AmQ>m{nQ>m `mbm AWm©VM e§^a dfm©nyduÀ`m H$mimMm g§X^© Amho. Ë`mH$mimV pñÌ`m§Zr ZmQ>H$m§V dm {MÌnQ>m§V H$m_ H$aUogwÕm AZ¡{VH$ g_Obo OmB© Am{U Ë`m_wio AJXr ~mbJ§YdmªÀ`m H$mimn`ªV nwéfM pñÌ`m§À`m ^y{_H$m H$aV AgV. AmO emgZ Am{U {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm V_memgma»`m bmoH$H$bm§Mo OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aV AmhoV. V_mem `m bmoH$H$boZo gmVmg_wÐmnma, nmpíM_mË` Xoemn`ªV _Ob _mabr Amho. _mÌ AOyZhr `m bmoH$H$boMm OmVr` g§X^© Zmhrgm Pmbobm Zmhr. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va gmR> dfmªZ§Va, Añn¥í`Vm H$m`ÚmZo ~§X Pmë`mZ§Va AmOhr gaH$mar, {Z_gaH$mar Am{U ImgJr H$m`m©b`m§V g\$mB© H$m_Jma, ^§Jr, {enmB© dJ¡ao H$m_o nydm©l_rÀ`m Añn¥í` g_mOmVrbM bmoH$ H$aVmV. VgoM IoS>çmnmS>çm§V hmoUmè`m V_memVrb ~hþg§»` ñÌr-nwéf H$bmH$ma AmOhr _hma, _m§J, H$moëhmQ>r `m g_mOmVrbM AmhoV. "AmOhr V_memV Jm`H$ åhUyZ _hma H$bmd§VmMr g§»`m OmñV à_mUmV Amho' Ago S>m°. H$g~o `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho.4 `m bmoH$H$boer {ZJ{S>V Agbobo X{bV OmVt{df`H$ g§X^© AOyZhr nwgbo Jobobo ZmhrV. "~«m÷UmKar {bìhZ§, _hmamKar JmU Am{U _m§JmKar dmOdU§" Am{U "_hmamM§ JmU§ Am{U _m§JmM§ S>\$S>§" Aem åhUr àM{bV AmhoV. X{bV OmVt{df`H$ `m g§X^mª_wio Am{U BVahr H$mhr H$maUm§_wio {MÌnQ>g¥ï>rVrb Am{U a§J^y_rdarb ñÌr-nwéf H$bmH$mam§Zm h„r {_iUmar à{Vð>m, YZàmár Am{U ½b°_aMo db` V_mg{Jam§À`m Z{e~r AOyZ Var Zmhr.

V_mgJra H$bmd§Vm§Mo hmoUmao b¡§{JH$, Am{W©H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ emofU AmOhr nyU©V: ~§X Pmbobo Zmhr. ho emofU ~§X H$aÊ`mgmR>r V_memMo à`moJ ~§X H$aÊ`mMr _wirM Oéar Zmhr. _mÌ Vm|S>mbm a§J \$mgyZ a§J_§MmdéZ, N>moQ>çm dm _moR>çm nS>Úm§dê$Z àojH$m§Mo _Zmoa§OZ H$aUmè`m H$bmH$mam§À`m dmQ>çmbm `oUmao Am{W©H$ Am{U BVa bm^ X{bV g_mOmVrb `m bmoH$H$bmH$mam§Zmhr {_imdoV Aer _m\$H$ Anojm ~miJm`bm haH$V Zmhr.Amnë`m _wbm§Zr Amnbm ì`dgm` nwT>o Mmby R>odmdm Ago à{VW`e S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm, amOH$s` nwT>mè`m§Zm Am{U BVa H$mhr joÌm§Vrb bmoH$m§Zm dmQ>V AgVo. V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm åhUyZ {Q>Hy$Z amhm`bm hdr, Ago åhUUmè`m Am{U Ë`mÑï>rZo à`ËZ H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§Zmhr Amnë`m _wbm~mim§Zr `m joÌmV n¡gm Am{U Zmd H$_dmdo Ago _ZmnmgyZ dmQ>bo VaM `m bmoH$H$bobm IaoM g_mO_mÝ`Vm Am{U à{Vð>m àmßV Pmbr Ago åhUVm `oB©b. Z{OH$À`m H$mimV V_mg{Jam§À`m Z{e~r hr à{Vð>m Am{U gwI {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zgob Va ho H$bmH$ma V_membm H$m {MH$Qy>Z am{hbo Agm A{^ZoVo {Ziy \w$bo `m§Zm nS>bobm àíZ BVa Hw$Umbmhr nSy> eHo$b. Aem n[apñWVrV _J eVH$mnyduMo Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo Vo dV©Z IaoM g_W©Zr` hmoVo H$s H$m` Aerhr e§H$m EImÚmÀ`m S>moŠ`mV S>moH$mdy eHo$b.

g§X^© :

1) S>m°. {_qbX H$g~o, "V_mem : H$bm Am{U H$bmd§V', gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo (2007 ) (nmZ 9)

2) darbà_mUo, nmZ 29

3) {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m OJVmn, "_hmamï´>mMr J«m_rU g_mOaMZm', àH$meH$: Y. am. JmS>Jri, JmoIbo AW©emó g§emoYZ g§ñWm, nwUo - 411 004 (1957), nmZ 20

4) Zmam`U gwd}, "_mUyg, H$bmd§V Am{U g_mO", nm°ß`wba àH$meZ, 35 gr, n§._mbdr` _mJ©, VmS>Xod, _w§~B© 400 034, (1992) (nmZ 68)

5) S>m°. {_qbX H$g~o, "V_mem : H$bm Am{U H$bmd§V', (nmZ 51)

(nyd©à{gÜXr: "gwJmdm' _m{gH$, nwUo, OmZodmar 2008 Am{U "{Zamoß`m" _m{gH$ Owb¡ 2008)

Gaokusabahercha Khristi Samaj

    JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO , gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

H$m{_b nmaIo

S>r-29, lÜXm JmS>©Z,

qMMdS>Jmd, nwUo 411 033

H$m°nramB©Q>: O°ŠbrZ nmaIo

AZwH«$_{UH$m

1) _moJbmB©Vrb {¼ñVr ' amOdmS>m '

2) JmdHw$gmVrb, JmdHw$gm~mhoaMo OJ

3) doerImbyZ KmoS>m ZoÊ`mg ~§Xr

4) ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb X{bV {¼ñVr g_mO

5) Y_m©§Va H$emgmR>r - ^mH$argmR>r, AmË_gÝ_mZmgmR>r {H$ {dÐmohmgmR>r ?

6) _hmaH$s gmoS>Ê`mMm, Am§~oS>H$ar MidirMo AZwH$aU H$aÊ`mMm g„m

7) naXoer {¼ñVr {_eZar

8) '{¼ñVr _hma' eãXmbm Amjon

9) doJir AmhmanÜXVr Am{U A§Ë`g§ñH$ma àWm

10) Omohma, O` ^r_ Am{U O` {¼ñV

11) AmajUmÀ`m ~m~VrV X{bV {¼íMZm§da AÝ`m`

12) amOH$maUmV 'Zm KaH$m Zm KmQ>H$m' pñWVr

13) gm{hË`joÌmV {nN>ohmQ>

14) e¡j{UH$ joÌmVrb AZweof

15) eVH$dra '{_amoß`m' _m{gH$

16) {dÐmohr gm{hpË`H$, g§nmXH$ gË`dmZ Zm_Xod gy`©d§er§

1) _moJbmB©Vrb {¼ñVr ' amOdmS>m '

KmoJaJmdbm Amåhmbm Om`Mo Agbo {H$ AmXë`m {Xder Am_Mo _m_m ~¡bJmS>r KoD$Z lram_nyabm `oV AgV. KamVrb Amåhm H$mhr _wbm§Zm _J ~¡bJmS>rMr g¡a KS>V Ago. nhmQ>oM ñd`§nmH$ H$ê$Z ~mB© EH$m H$mnS>çmV ^mH$ar Am{U ~Q>mQ>çmMr ^mOr ~m§YyZ KoB©. ~amo~aÀ`m {nVirÀ`m H$S>rÀ`m Vm§ã`mV nmUr Ago. Xwnmar ~mamÀ`m gw_mamg WmoS>o\$ma nmUr Agboë`m JmoXmdarÀ`m nmÌmV Am_Mr ~¡bJmS>r CVabr {H$ Am_Mm àdmg H$mhr H$mi Wm§~o.

{edam__m_m JmS>rMo ~¡b gmoSy>Z Ë`m§Zm ZXrMo nmUr XmIdyZ AmUë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`mg_moa H$S>~m Q>mH$s. 'J§Jm Amobm§S>br åhÝOo Ambmo AmnwZ AmVm _moJbmB©V, AmËVm H$m` {Zå_mM nadmg !' Ago åhUV ~mB© Amnë`m _mhoaÀ`m {XeoZo ZOa Q>mH$s. J§JoÀ`m C§M Vramda C^o am{hbo {H$ KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo C§M {eIa R>iH$nUo {XgVo Ago Vr Amåhmbm Zoho_r gm§JVo. gH$mi, Xwnmar Am{U g§Ü`mµH$mir àmW©ZogmR>r `m XodimMr K§Q>m dmOVo Voìhm Vmo AmdmO `oWn`ªV EoHy$ `oVmo hohr AZoH$Xm _r {VÀ`m Vm|Sy>Z EoH$V Ambmo Amho. _mÌ Z{XÀ`m H$mR>mda C§Mmda C^m amhÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$Zhr _bm H$Yr Ë`m XodimMo Zm {eIa {Xgbo Zm Xwnmar ~mambm Ë`m K§Q>oMm AmdmO EoHy$ Ambm.

OodU Pmbo {H$ _J _m_m ZXrÀ`m dmhË`m àdmhmOdiÀ`m dmiyV ~marH$ IÈ>m V`ma H$ar. H$mhr jUmVM Ë`m IS>S>çmV nmUr da `oD$ bmJo. Vo nmUr EH$Xm {ZVi Pmbo {H$ _J AmoOirZo Amåhr Vo nmUr {nV Agy. _J nwÝhm Am_Mm ~¡bJmS>rZo àdmg gwê$ hmoB©. naVrMm doY bmJë`mZo ~¡b AmnUhÿZ H$go Xm¡S>V OmVmV, `mMm Ë`mdoir AZw^d `oB©.

JmoXmdarÀ`m EH$m {Vamda npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb Ah_XZJa {OëømMr gr_maofm Va Xwgè`m {Vamda _amR>dmS>çmVrb Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømMr gr_maofm Amho. Ah_XZJa {OëømÀ`m _wR>odmS>Jmd `oWyZ JmoXmdar Amobm§Sy>Z ^m_mQ>mU JmdmV àdoe Ho$bm {H$ _moJbmB© gwê$ hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV _amR>dmS>m àXoe h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_mÀ`m Vmã`mV hmoVm. hm àXoe _moJbmB©Mm n[aga åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmB©.

JmoXmdarÀ`m àdmhmZo `m XmoZ n[agam§Mr {d^mJUr Ho$br Amho. {ZgJm©À`m `m {d^mJUrZo EH$_oH$m§g AJXr IoQy>Z Agboë`m `m VmbwŠ`m§Mm gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOH$s`, Eo{Vhm{gH$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ dmagmhr nyU©V: {^Þ am{hbm Amho. {ZOm_emhrV d¡Omnya, J§Jmnya VmbwHo$ _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m BVa ^mJm§à_mUo Xwb©{jV am{hbo Am{U Ë`m§Mr hr nadS> _hmamï´>mÀ`m ñWmnZoZ§Vahr MmbyM am{hbr Amho. `mCbQ> npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb lram_nya, H$monaJmd VmbwŠ`mbm ghH$mar MidirMo, ObqgMZmÀ`m Omù`mMo Am{U VmH$XdmZ amO{H$` MidirMo Am{U ZoV¥ËdmMo daXmZ bm^bo. JmoXmdarÀ`m {Vam§da C^o am{hbo åhUOo àJV npíM_ _hmamï´>mMo Am{U AmOhr _mJmg am{hboë`m _amR>dmS>çmMo `m gd©M joÌm§Vrb doJionU àH$fm©Zo OmUdVo.

JmoXmdarÀ`m àdmhmZo EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ {d^mJboë`m Ah_XZJa {OëømÀ`m lram_nya, amhþar, g§J_Zoa Am{U amhmVm `m VmbwŠ`m§V Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§V gìdmeo dfmªnydu åhUOo {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg g_m§Va[aË`m {¼ñVr Y_m©§VamMr à{H$`m gwê$ Pmbr hmoVr. Ah_XZJa {OëømV O_©Z, Am°pñQ´>`Z Am{U ñdrg `oeyg§Kr` (OogwB©Q>) `m H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m g§ñWoMo gXñ` H$m_ H$aV hmoVo Va åhUOo _moJbmB© n[agamV {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> \«$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg) `m Xwgè`m H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m g§ñWoMo \$mXabmoH$ H$m_ H$aV hmoVo.

n{hë`m _hm`wÜXmV 1915 gmbr {~«{Q>em§Zr Ah_XZJa {OëømV H$m_ H$aUmè`m O_©Z ZmJ[aH$ Agboë`m `oeyg§Kr` \$mXam§Mr qhXwñWmZmVyZ hH$mbnÅ>r Ho$br Voìhm _moJbmB©Vrb \«|$M ZmJarH$ Agbobo E_EgE\$Eg Y_©Jwê$ `oeyg§{K`m§À`m _XVrg YmdyZ Ambo. `m {OëømVrb amhmVm Am{U gmoZJmd Y_©J«m_m§V `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$§À`m AZwnpñWVrV 1921 n`ªV KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Jw[a`Z Om{H$`a `m§Zr {eS>uOdirb amhmVm `oWo Am{U _amR>dmS>çmVrb Ë`m§Mo EH$ ghH$mar \$mXa Om°Z _oar ~oO} `m§Zr amhþarOdirb H|$Xi `oWo Y_©àgmamMo H$m`© Mmby R>odbo.1 `m _hm`wÜXmV \«$mÝg ho B§½b§S>Mo {_Ìamï´> Agë`mZo OÝ_mZo µ\«o$§M Agboë`m Y_©Jwê$§da {~«{Q>em§Zr Hw$R>bohr {Z~ªY bmXbo ZìhVo..

gZ 1973À`m gw_mamg _m_o~{hUrÀ`m b¾m{Z{_Îm gmVdrbm {eH$V AgVmZm _r KmoJaJmdbm Jobmo Voìhm _bm 'amOdmS>m', 'dog' 'MmdS>r' Am{U '_hma' `m eãXm§Mr n{hë`m§Xm AmoiI Pmbr. dog Zgboë`m Am{U AR>amnJS> OmVrY_m©Mo bmoH$ Zì`mZoM CX`mg Amboë`m Am_ì`m lram_nwa ehamV amhV Agë`mZo VoWo _bm `m eãXm§Mr AmoiI AgUo eŠ`M ZìhVo. KmoJaJmdmV {¼ñVamOmÀ`m XodimnmgyZ H$mhr A§Vamda Agboë`m OmJoV _mÂ`m AmOmo~m§Zr, JmoqdXamd {eZJa|Zr, ^|S>çm§Mo nm§T>è`m _mVrV ~m§Ybobo MmanmM Imoë`m§Mo Ka hmoVo. VoWoM Ë`mdoir em§ËdZ_m_m, {edam__m_m amhV hmoVo. Amgnmg AerM nm§T>è`m _mVrZo ~m§Ybobr AZoH$ Kao hmoVr. hr gd© Kao Agboë`m n[agambm 'amOdmS>m' Ago åhUV AgV. _mPo MwbV_m_m AmoT>çmÀ`m n{bH$S>o Agboë`m eoVmVrb PmonS>r§V amhV AgV. eoVmda Joë`mda A_wH$ OU Hw$R>o Jobm Aer {dMmaUm Pmbr {H$ Vmo 'amOdmS>çmda Agob' Ago CÎma H$mZmda Ambo {H$ _r ~wMH$i`mV nS>V Ago. 'Mm§Xmo~m' _m{gH$mV Am{U BVa Jmoï>r§À`m nwñVH$m§V amOoamOdmS>çm§À`m H$Wm dmMë`m_wio BWo 'amOdmS>m' hm H$m` àH$ma Amho ho H$iV Zgo. `m{df`r _r ~mB©bm {dMmabo Voìhm {VZo {Xboë`m CÎmam_wio Iwbmgm hmoÊ`mEodOr _mÂ`m _ZmVrb Jm|YimV A{YH$M ^a nS>br.

''Ama§ amOdmS>m åhÝOr åhmam§Mr dñVr, åhmadmS>m eãX ~am {XgV Zmhr åhZyZ amOdmS>m Ag§M åhÝË`mV,'' Ago {VMo CÎma hmoVo.

''AJ§ nZ ~mB©, AmnwZ åhma H$eo? AmnwZ Va {I[añVr Zm?'' _mÂ`m `m àíZmbm _mÂ`m {Zaja AmB©H$S>o CÎma ZìhVo. "AmËVm ~mB©, H$m` gm§Jmdm `m ßdmambm?'' Ago AM§ã`mZo Vm|S>mbm nXa bmdV åhUV Vr {~Mmar Jßn ~gbr hmoVr.

`m 'amOdmS>çmÀ`m' bmJyZM AJXr nS>PS>rbm Ambobr EH$ dog hmoVr. ~hþYm `m doern{bH$S>oM OwÝ`m H$mimV Jmd Am{U VoWo Cƒd{U©`m§Mr dñVr Agmdr. `m JmdmV Vã~b Mmirg df} am{hbobo Am{U `oWoM Xoh R>odbobo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m Amnë`m KmoS>mJmS>rV ~gyZ dm KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z Zoho_rMr `o-Om H$aV AgUma. `wamo{n`Z Agë`mZo qhXw g_mOmVrb Cƒd{U©`m§à_mUoM Ë`m§Zmhr doerImbyZ KmoS>çmda ~gyZ `oÊ`mOmÊ`mMm _mZ Ë`m§Zm hmoVm. doerÀ`m AmVë`m ~mOybm amOdmS>çmbmbmJyZM Voìhmhr _O~yV pñWVrV Agbobr EH$ MmdS>r hmoVr. amOdmS>çmVM hr MmdS>r Agë`mZo amOdmS>çmV amhUmè`m bmoH$m§MrM Vr hmoVr. amOdmS>çmVrb AZoH$ nwê$f_§S>ir VoWo ~gV Agë`mMo Am{U _rhr VoWo Joë`mMo _bm ñnï> AmR>dVo.

_hmamï´>mV OwÝ`m H$mimV àË`oH$ JmdmV ñn¥í`m§gmR>r Am{U Añn¥í`m§gmR>r Aem XmoZ ñdV§Ì MmdS>çm AgV. gdUm©À`m MmdS>rbm JmdMmdS>r Am{U Añn¥í`m§À`m MmdS>rbm _hma MmdS>r åhUV AgV. Jmd MmdS>rV ~gyZ ñn¥í` _§S>ir, nmQ>rb, VbmR>r Am{U JmdH$sMo H$m_ H$aUmao _hma am_moer ~gyZ JmdMm gm_m{OH$ Am{U emgH$s` H$ma^ma nmhV AgV Va _hma MmdS>rV ~gyZ _hma _§S>ir Amnë`m OmVrMm H$ma^ma nmhV AgV. Aem `m XmoZ MmdS>çm§{edm` Jmdm§V BVa g_mOmÀ`m, OmVrÀ`m ñdV§Ì MmdS>çm ZgV Ago S>m°. e§H$aamd IamVm§Zr {b{hbo Amho.2 A{bµH$S>À`m H$mimV Jmd MmdS>rMo ê$nm§Va g_mO_§{XamV Pmbo Am{U H$mhr {R>H$mUr ~m¡ÜX Y_© ñdrH$maboë`m bmoH$m§Zr _hma MmdS>rMo ~wÜX_§Xra qH$dm ~wÜX{dhma Ago Zm_H$aU Ho$ë`mMo {XgVo. _hma g_mO ~hþg§»`oZo {¼ñVr Y_m©V Joboë`m Jmdm§V AWm©VM `m _hma MmdS>çm§Mr H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV Añn¥í`VoÀ`m Mmbr[aVrà_mUoM nS>PS> Pmbr.

lram_nwa ehamV {edm{edrMm àË`j AZw^d KoVë`mMo _bm AmR>dV Zmhr. Á`m Kam§V gmodù`mAmodù`mMr àWm Ago Ë`mVyZ Ë`m KamVrb BVa ì`º$s¨Mrhr gwQ>H$m Zgm`Mr, Ë`m_wio `m àH$mam~m~V Hw$Ur \$mago _Zmbm bmdyZ KoV ZgV. Xa {Xdmirbm Am_À`m Kar eoOmaÀ`m _mir_amR>m Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr \$amimMr VmQ>o `oV, B©Xbm _wgb_mZ eoOmè`m§Mm era-Hw$a_m `oB© Am{U ZmVmimbm Am_À`mH$Sy>Z \$amimMr VmQ>o Ë`m gJù`m§H$S>o OmV. Am_À`m KamVyZ AmirVrb BVa H$mhr Kam§V AmR>dS>çmVyZ XmoZ-{VZXmVar H$mbdUm§Mr, ^mOr§Mr XodmUKodmU hmoV Ago. a{ddmar Am_À`mH$S>o h_Img demQ>mMo OodU Agë`mZo Ë`m{Xder `m XodmUKodmUrda ñW{JVr Agm`Mr. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m hmVM§ H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm MmbV Zmhr Am{U Vo H$m MmbV Zmhr ho _bm Iyn H$mi H$imboM Zmhr. `m àíZm§Mr CÎmao emoYÊ`mMr {ZH$S>hr Ë`mdoir ^mgbr Zmhr.

_mÂ`m _m_m§~amo~a KmoJaJmdmVrb dm Z{OH$À`m IoS>çm§Vrb H$mhr _mUgo lram_nwamV H$m_m{Z{_Îm Amë`mg Am_À`mhr Kar `oV AgV. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r nmÊ`mMm Vm§ã`m AmUbm {H$ Ë`m§À`mVrb H$mhr OU nmUr {nV ZgV. Ë`mZ§Va Ambobm Mhm KoÊ`mMohr Q>miV AgV. _mPo dS>rbnU bJoM Ë`m§Zm 'g_OyZ' KoD$Z MhmnmÊ`mMm AmJ«h H$aV ZgV. ''~mhoê$Z nadmg H$ê$Z Amboë`m nmìhÝ`mZo nmÝ`mbm, Àhmbm Zmhr åhÝb§ Va CJmM AmJah H$am`Mm ZñVmo. AmnwZ C_OyZ ¿`md§ {H$ hr _mÝg§ _amR>§ AgVrb. Ë`mÝZm Amßë`m hmVM§ MmbV ZñV§,"" Aer ~mB©Mr _J AmVë`m ImobrVbr EH$ g„mdOm {Q>nÊUr Agm`Mr.

AmOmoiÀ`m Ë`m dmñVì`mV _bm n{hë`m§XmM X{bV g_mOmVyZ {¼ñVr Pmboë`m g_mOmÀ`m A§Va§JmMr Am{U gm_m{OH$ nmíd©^y_rMr nwgQ>er OmUrd Pmbr. AmOmoiMr Vr daÀ`m OmVtVrb _mUgo KamV Ambr {H$ Ë`m§Mr dmJUyH$ Amåhm Y_m©§V[aV {¼ñVr g_mOmbm Am_Mr Iar AmoiI Am{U g_mOmVrb Am_Mr OmJm XmIdyZ XoV Ago. Xa a{ddmar XodimV AmnU b°Q>rZ ^mfoV {_ñgm Am{U àmW©Zm H$aV Agbmo Var AmnU H$mhr `wamo{n`Z Zmhr Am{U AmnU g_OVmo {VVH$m Amnbm {¼ñVr g_mO 'nwT>o Jobobm' Zmhr `mMr OmUrdhr Voìhm _bm n{hë`m§Xm Pmbr.

g§X^©:

1) \$mXa \«$mpÝgg _m°Oo (E_EgE\$Eg), eo\$S>©g \$m°a ¼mB©ñQ>- A ñQ>moar Am°\$ X H°$Wmo{bH$ MM© BZ g|Q´>b B§{S>`m- (1907-1960); Am`Am`Eg npãbHo$eÝg, B§{S>`Z BpñQ>Q>çwQ> Am°\$ pñn[aÀ`wA[a{bQ>r, 80, âbrQ> ñQ´>rQ>, amOmOrZJa, ~|Jbmoa, 560 010 (1990) (nmZ 75); Am{U ^m. A. nbKS>_b, 'g§J_Zoa Y_©J«m_mbm 75 df} nyU© hmoVmV', ' {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$ , Am°JñQ> 1967, (nmZ 114)

2) S>m°. e§H$aamd IamV, '_hmamï´>mVrb _hmam§Mm B{Vhmg - OmVrMr CËnÎmr d {dH$mgmMm B{Vhmg,' `ed§Vamd MìhmU g_mOemó g§emoYZ H|$Ð Am{U ^maVr {dÚmnrR> nwUo, B§Ðm`Ur gm{hË`, 273, e{Zdma noR>, nwUo 411 030 (2003); (nmZ 57 Am{U 58)

(nyd©à{gÜXr-'gwJmdm' _m{gH$, OyZ 2007)